Virgin Islands (2004) | Bouvet Island (2003) | |
Administrative divisions | none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three islands at the second order; Saint Croix, Saint John, Saint Thomas | - |
Age structure | 0-14 years: 23.8% (male 13,116; female 12,770)
15-64 years: 66% (male 33,944; female 37,870) 65 years and over: 10.2% (male 4,855; female 6,220) (2004 est.) |
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Agriculture - products | fruit, vegetables, sorghum; Senepol cattle | - |
Airports | 2 (2003 est.) | - |
Airports - with paved runways | total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.) |
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Area | total: 352 sq km
land: 349 sq km water: 3 sq km |
total: 58.5 sq km
land: 58.5 sq km water: 0 sq km |
Area - comparative | twice the size of Washington, DC | about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC |
Background | During the 17th century, the archipelago was divided into two territorial units, one English and the other Danish. Sugarcane, produced by slave labor, drove the islands' economy during the 18th and early 19th centuries. In 1917, the US purchased the Danish portion, which had been in economic decline since the abolition of slavery in 1848. | This uninhabited volcanic island is almost entirely covered by glaciers and is difficult to approach. It was discovered in 1739 by a French naval officer after whom the island was named. No claim was made until 1825, when the British flag was raised. In 1928, the UK waived its claim in favor of Norway, which had occupied the island the previous year. In 1971, Bouvet Island and the adjacent territorial waters were designated a nature reserve. Since 1977, Norway has run an automated meteorological station on the island. |
Birth rate | 14.49 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) | - |
Budget | revenues: $560
expenditures: NA (2003) |
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Capital | Charlotte Amalie | - |
Climate | subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season May to November | antarctic |
Coastline | 188 km | 29.6 km |
Constitution | Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954 | - |
Country name | conventional long form: United States Virgin Islands
conventional short form: Virgin Islands former: Danish West Indies |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bouvet Island |
Currency | US dollar (USD) | - |
Death rate | 6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) | - |
Debt - external | NA | - |
Dependency status | organized, unincorporated territory of the US with policy relations between the Virgin Islands and the US under the jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior | territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Police from Oslo |
Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of the US) | - |
Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of the US) | - |
Disputes - international | none | none |
Economic aid - recipient | NA | - |
Economy - overview | Tourism is the primary economic activity, accounting for 80% of GDP and employment. The islands normally host 2 million visitors a year. The manufacturing sector consists of petroleum refining, textiles, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and watch assembly. The agricultural sector is small, with most food being imported. International business and financial services are a small but growing component of the economy. One of the world's largest petroleum refineries is at Saint Croix. The islands are subject to substantial damage from storms. The government is working to improve fiscal discipline, to support construction projects in the private sector, to expand tourist facilities, to reduce crime, and to protect the environment. | no economic activity; declared a nature reserve |
Electricity - consumption | 957.9 million kWh (2001) | - |
Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2001) | - |
Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2001) | - |
Electricity - production | 1.03 billion kWh (2001) | - |
Elevation extremes | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Crown Mountain 474 m |
lowest point: South Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Olav Peak 935 m |
Environment - current issues | lack of natural freshwater resources | NA |
Ethnic groups | black 78%, white 10%, other 12%
note: West Indian 81% (49% born in the Virgin Islands and 32% born elsewhere in the West Indies), US mainland 13%, Puerto Rican 4%, other 2% |
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Exchange rates | the US dollar is used | - |
Executive branch | chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001)
head of government: Governor Dr. Charles Wesley TURNBULL (since 5 January 1999) cabinet: NA elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 5 November 2002 (next to be held NA November 2006) election results: Dr. Charles Wesley TURNBULL reelected governor; percent of vote - Dr. Charles Wesley TURNBULL (Democrat) 50.5%, John de JONGH 24.4% |
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Exports | NA (2001) | - |
Exports - commodities | refined petroleum products | - |
Exports - partners | US, Puerto Rico | - |
Fiscal year | 1 October - 30 September | - |
Flag description | white, with a modified US coat of arms in the center between the large blue initials V and I; the coat of arms shows a yellow eagle holding an olive branch in one talon and three arrows in the other with a superimposed shield of vertical red and white stripes below a blue panel | the flag of Norway is used |
GDP | purchasing power parity - $2.5 billion (2002 est.) | - |
GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 1%
industry: 19% services: 80% (2003 est.) |
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GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $17,200 (2002 est.) | - |
GDP - real growth rate | 2% (2002 est.) | - |
Geographic coordinates | 18 20 N, 64 50 W | 54 26 S, 3 24 E |
Geography - note | important location along the Anegada Passage - a key shipping lane for the Panama Canal; Saint Thomas has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the Caribbean | covered by glacial ice; declared a nature reserve |
Highways | total: 856 km
paved: NA km unpaved: NA km note: the only US possession where driving on the left side of the road is practiced (2000) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
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Imports | NA (2001) | - |
Imports - commodities | crude oil, foodstuffs, consumer goods, building materials | - |
Imports - partners | US, Puerto Rico | - |
Industrial production growth rate | NA | - |
Industries | tourism, petroleum refining, watch assembly, rum distilling, construction, pharmaceuticals, textiles, electronics | - |
Infant mortality rate | total: 8.21 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.31 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.2% (2003) | - |
International organization participation | Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU | - |
Irrigated land | NA sq km | 0 sq km (1998 est.) |
Judicial branch | US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third Circuit jurisdiction); Territorial Court (judges appointed by the governor for 10-year terms) | - |
Labor force | 48,900 (2003 est.) | - |
Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 1%, industry 19%, services 80% (2003 est.) | - |
Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
Land use | arable land: 11.76%
permanent crops: 2.94% other: 85.29% (2001) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (93% ice) (1998 est.) |
Languages | English (official), Spanish, Creole | - |
Legal system | based on US laws | the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply |
Legislative branch | unicameral Senate (15 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)
elections: last held 6 November 2002 (next to be held 2 November 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 10, ICM 2, independent 3 note: the Virgin Islands elects one non-voting representative to the US House of Representatives; election last held 6 November 2002 (next to be held 2 November 2004); results - Donna M. CHRISTIAN-CHRISTENSON (Democrat) reelected |
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Life expectancy at birth | total population: 78.75 years
male: 74.91 years female: 82.82 years (2004 est.) |
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Literacy | definition: NA
total population: NA male: NA female: NA |
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Location | Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico | island in the South Atlantic Ocean, southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) |
Map references | Central America and the Caribbean | Antarctic Region |
Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
territorial sea: 4 NM |
Merchant marine | none | - |
Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the US | defense is the responsibility of Norway |
National holiday | Transfer Day (from Denmark to the US), 27 March (1917) | - |
Nationality | noun: Virgin Islander(s)
adjective: Virgin Islander |
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Natural hazards | several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes | NA |
Natural resources | sun, sand, sea, surf | none |
Net migration rate | -8.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) | - |
Political parties and leaders | Democratic Party [Arturo WATLINGTON]; Independent Citizens' Movement or ICM [Usie RICHARDS]; Republican Party [Gary SPRAUVE] | - |
Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | - |
Population | 108,775 (July 2004 est.) | uninhabited (July 2003 est.) |
Population below poverty line | NA | - |
Population growth rate | -0.05% (2004 est.) | - |
Ports and harbors | Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, Cruz Bay, Port Alucroix | none; offshore anchorage only |
Radio broadcast stations | AM 5, FM 11, shortwave 0 (2002) | - |
Religions | Baptist 42%, Roman Catholic 34%, Episcopalian 17%, other 7% | - |
Sex ratio | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
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Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal; note - island residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections | - |
Telephone system | general assessment: NA
domestic: modern system with total digital switching, uses fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay international: country code - 1-340; submarine cable and satellite communications; satellite earth stations - NA |
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Telephones - main lines in use | 69,400 (2002) | - |
Telephones - mobile cellular | 41,000 (2002) | - |
Television broadcast stations | 2 (2002) | - |
Terrain | mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little level land | volcanic; coast is mostly inaccessible |
Total fertility rate | 2.21 children born/woman (2004 est.) | - |
Unemployment rate | 9.3% (2003 est.) | - |
Waterways | - | none |